Abstract
We present a model of one-dimensional chain of two-level artificial atoms driven with DC field and quantum light simultaneously in a strong coupling regime. The interaction of atoms with light leads to electron-photon entanglement (dressing of the atoms with light). The driving via dc field leads to the Bloch oscillations (BO) in the chain of dressed atoms. We consider the mutual influence of dressing and BO and show that scenario of oscillations dramatically differs from predicted by the Jaynes-Cummings and Bloch-Zener models. We study the evolution of the population inversion, tunneling current, photon probability distribution, mean number of photons, and photon number variance, and show the influence of BO on the quantum-statistical characteristics of light. For example, the collapse-revivals picture and vacuum Rabi-oscillations are strongly modulated with Bloch frequency. As a result, quantum properties of light and degree of electron-photon entanglement become controllable via adiabatic dc field turning. On the other hand, the low-frequency tunneling current depends on the quantum light statistics (in particular, for coherent initial state it is modulated accordingly the collapse-revivals picture). The developed model is universal with respect to the physical origin of artificial atom and frequency range of atom-light interaction. The model is adapted to the 2D-heterostructures (THz frequencies), semiconductor quantum dots (optical range), and Josephson junctions (microwaves). The data for numerical simulations are taken from recently published experiments. The obtained results open a new way in quantum state engineering and nano-photonic spectroscopy.
Highlights
The early quantum theory of electrical conductivity in crystal lattices by Bloch, Zener and Wannier [1,2,3,4] led to the prediction that a homogeneous dc field induces an oscillatory rather than uniform motion of the electrons
Bloch oscillations (BO) transformed from the specific contra intuitive model to the general experimentally-supported physical concept of oscillatory motion of wave packets placed in a periodic potential when driven by a constant force [8,25]
The promising candidate for experiment implementation is a single Josephson junction embedded in an inductive environment
Summary
The early quantum theory of electrical conductivity in crystal lattices by Bloch, Zener and Wannier [1,2,3,4] led to the prediction that a homogeneous dc field induces an oscillatory rather than uniform motion of the electrons. The textbook picture of the Rabi effect is given by the Jaynes-Cummings model [26,27] It implied that the concept of the dressed atom with light was correspondent to the quantum entanglement of electrons and photons. This model can be essentially modified by a set of additional features, such as the broken inversion symmetry [37], the propagation of RO over the chains of coupled atoms in the form of special waves (Rabi-waves), and depolarization due to the local fields [38,39,40,41,42,43].
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