Abstract
The goal of this paper is to review categorically treatment options for the diverse mechanisms to which studies have shown underlie bloating and abdominal distension. While previous studies typically associate bloating and distension with a functional gastrointestinal disorder, in appropriate clinical settings, workup to look at diseases such as postural orthostatic hypotension, chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and mast cell activation syndrome can further provide insight into to these patients. Bloating and distension are commonly presented to the gastroenterologist. The underlying mechanism can be ambiguous, and therefore, the treatment can be challenging. However, current treatment options that are available can be effective if used in the appropriate patient. Further research is desperately needed for the more elusive disease processes mentioned in this review that presents with bloating and distension.
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