Abstract
Bleats are usually associated with sheep and goats, but are universally used by ungulates for mother-offspring communication. These short, relatively simple vocalizations are used, depending on circumstance, for localization, identification, emotion, and guidance. Interestingly, there are at least two other cases of bleat users. The Australian bleating toad appears to use them as an efficient means of continuous vocalization, while pandas use bleats as part of a repertoire of jungle talk to communicate in dense bamboo thickets.
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