Abstract
The quality of crude tuna (Thunnus sp.) oil aimed for food-sector-purpose can be improved by performing purification. The present study was aimed to optimize the bleaching step during the purification process and determine the optimum variable conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) in obtaining the lowest oxidation parameters value to meet the International Fish Oil Standard (IFOS) standard. A total of five responses including free fatty acids (FFA) value, acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AnV) and total oxidation (Totox) value were studied using central composite design (CCD), a full factorial design with all combinations of the factors at two levels (high, +1, and low, −1 level), repeated thrice; applied for two variable factors (adsorbent concentration [A];% and adsorption time [B]; mins). The optimum model suggested by the program was a quadratic model for FFA and AnV, and a linear model for AV, PV and Totox value. The optimum response was reached by the combination of 5% adsorbent concentration [A] with adsorption time [B] of 20 mins. This formula reduced the FFA value, AV, PV, AnV, and Totox Value up to 56.57%, 55.36%, 88.86%, 69.69% and 77.03%, respectively. The purified tuna oil has a clear yellow colour appearance with a rising percentage of pure fish oil for EPA and DHA of 10.71% and 11.50% from crude tuna fish oil.
Highlights
Import value of fish oil in Indonesia from 2015 to 2017 rise as much as 13.19 M, 15.58 M, and 18.77 M USD, respectively (MMAF, 2018)
Application of 5% magnesol XL at temperature of 50°C for 20 mins on sardine crude oil decreases free fatty acid (FFA) value, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AnV) and total oxidation (Totox) value up to 98.40%, 98.49%, 76,58%, and 79,31%, respectively (Hulu et al, 2017)
The results showed that the sample was of poor quality indicated by the high PV, AnV Totox value
Summary
Import value of fish oil in Indonesia from 2015 to 2017 rise as much as 13.19 M, 15.58 M, and 18.77 M USD, respectively (MMAF, 2018). This rising demand encourages the local producers in providing quality fish oil products. The abundant volume of crude fish oil (found in by-product form) in Indonesia are not optimally used due to its poor quality. Determination of optimum point for these factors has an important role to gain optimum response of each variable (Setyawati et al, 2015). One of the simple yet precise methods to establish the optimum points of every factor is response surface methodology (RSM)
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