Blackcurrant Suppresses Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High-Fructose Diet in Rats.

Ji Hun Park,Ho Sub Lee,You Mee Ahn,Yun Jung Lee,Min Chul Kho,Hye Yoom Kim,Dae Gill Kang

doi:10.1155/2015/385976

Abstract

Increased fructose ingestion has been linked to obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome. Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum; BC) is a horticultural crop in Europe. To induce metabolic syndrome, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 60% high-fructose diet. Treatment with BC (100 or 300 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) significantly suppressed increased liver weight, epididymal fat weight, C-reactive protein (CRP), total bilirubin, leptin, and insulin in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC markedly prevented increased adipocyte size and hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. BC suppressed oral glucose tolerance and protein expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in muscle. BC significantly suppressed plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL content. BC suppressed endothelial dysfunction by inducing downregulation of endothelin-1 and adhesion molecules in the aorta. Vascular relaxation of thoracic aortic rings by sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine was improved by BC. The present study provides evidence of the potential protective effect of BC against metabolic syndrome by demonstrating improvements in dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity in vivo.

Highlights

Metabolic syndrome is a disease condition characterized by variable coexistence of obesity, hyperuricemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia
Exposure of the liver to high levels of fructose leads to rapid stimulation of lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation, which lead to reduced insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin resistance/glucose intolerance [8]
The results of this study demonstrate that the HF diet induced metabolic syndrome with increased epididymal fat pad weight resulting from increased plasma levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Summary

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome is a disease condition characterized by variable coexistence of obesity, hyperuricemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. As defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), simultaneously exhibit 3 or more of the following traits: increased waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, elevated triglyceride level, and hyperglycemia [2, 3]. Recent findings have shown that dietary fructose accelerates metabolic disorders and induces oxidative damage [5]. A high-fructose diet induces a well-characterized metabolic syndrome, generally resulting in hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a low HDL level [6]. A recent study suggested that renal damage is associated with metabolic syndrome [7]. Exposure of the liver to high levels of fructose leads to rapid stimulation of lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation, which lead to reduced insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin resistance/glucose intolerance [8]

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion