Black Truffle Aqueous Extract Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in STZ-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats via Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways.

Tongze Zhang,Kumar Ganesan,Muthukumaran Jayachandran,Baojun Xu

doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01257

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Tuber melanosporum (black truffle) has been considered as a medicinal mushroom for a long time. T. melanosporum has the ability to attenuate oxidative stress and in turn diabetes mellitus (DM). DM has become an awfully common chronic unwellness, threatening people’s well-being. There are nearly 1 in 10 people in the world affected by diabetes. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in vascular complications related to DM. Our study aimed to attain an effective treatment method to alleviate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammation, to display how truffle aqueous extract (TE) attenuates hyperglycemia.Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rat model was accustomed to check the hypoglycemic effect of black truffle by relating it with Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Varied biomarkers and inflammatory markers were analyzed.Results: Rats treated with TE showed reduced glucose levels, attenuated oxidative stress through regulation of SOD, CAT, VIT-E, and VIT-C. The gene expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB in rats treated with TE was increased to normal group level. The mRNA expression of inflammatory pathway genes and oxidative stress pathway genes in rats treated with TE was brought back normal. Similar results were achieved in the rats treated with standard drug, glibenclamide (GB). TE conjointly inhibits the state of inflammation within the tissues generally littered with the symptoms of hyperglycemia.Conclusion: The results of our study show the hypoglycemic impact of black truffle on STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats via Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, and both pathways have significant improvement that may support the hypoglycemic impact of truffle.

Highlights

Increasing prevalence and incidence rate have evidenced that diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a crucial threat to human health
The total phenolic content of Truffle water extract was found to be 1.72 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, which is comparable with several reports of total phenolic contents in another study on truffle mushroom
The total phenolic contents can be varied between different species and origins of the samples (Al-Laith, 2010; Villares et al, 2012)

Summary

Introduction

Increasing prevalence and incidence rate have evidenced that diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a crucial threat to human health. Insulin secretion and action plays a crucial role in Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Truffle Extract the onset of DM, it affects numerous metabolic pathways involving carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Apart from the enzymic antioxidants, vitamin C and E conjointly provides a biologically plausible mechanism to inhibit the free radicals. These antioxidant genes are typically regulated by the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which highly responds to the oxidative stress and migrate to the nucleus, and further synthesize different types of endogenous antioxidants (Cullinan et al, 2003; Yamamoto et al, 2008). Our study aimed to attain an effective treatment method to alleviate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammation, to display how truffle aqueous extract (TE) attenuates hyperglycemia

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion