Black titanium dioxide nanomaterials for photocatalytic removal of pollutants: A review

Abstract

• Black TiO 2 nanomaterials exhibited superior performance in environmental pollutant removal. • Black TiO 2 synthesis, its basic properties, environmental contaminant removing mechanism were analyzed. • Resent development of black TiO 2 on photocatalytic removal of different kinds of environmental pollutants were summarized. • The stability and recoverability of black TiO 2 were firstly discussed. Semiconductor photocatalysis is one of the most widely used environment-friendly technologies for removing various contaminants. As a well-developed photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) still has limits in its wide bandgap and rapid recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. Recently, black TiO 2 appears as a strong candidate in the improvement of sunlight harvesting, because of its excellent absorption capacity and utilization of solar radiation. Despite extensive applications in both environmental and energy fields, the use of black TiO 2 as a photocatalyst in pollutant removal is ambiguous. The primary objective of the review is to comprehensively evaluate the applications of black TiO 2 in photocatalytic removal of contaminants, including conventional organic contaminants, emerging contaminants, microbes, and heavy metals. The basic properties, photocatalytic mechanism, and synthesis of black TiO 2 have been summarized and analyzed. Moreover, the stability and recoverability of black TiO 2 have also been discussed. Finally, the perspectives of the application of black TiO 2 in pollutant removal have been further discussed.