Black Tea Improves Endothelial Function in Renal Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Background Endothelial damage and dysfunction are commonplace in renal transplant recipients. Impaired endothelial function is an important contributor to cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that short-term black tea consumption may improve endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in kidney recipients. Methods Fifteen recipients were studied on an outpatient basis in a single, university-affiliated clinic. Inclusion criteria were stable and good allograft function. The main exclusion criteria were uncontrolled hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee drinking, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease, or a history of upper limb vascular manipulations. After overnight fasting, the brachial artery diameter (BAD) was measured at the end of diastole using an ultrasound machine before (basal BAD) and 1 minute after temporary (∼3 minutes) external occlusion (posthyperemia BAD). Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) and percent of FMV (FMV%) were calculated by appropriate formula. FMV and FMV% were determined at baseline and 2 hours after consuming 0.5 L freshly brewed black tea. For control, the study was repeated for each patient the next day and FMV and FMV% were determined before and 2 hours after consuming 0.5 L of water. Results The men age of patients was 37.2 ± 9.7 years (range, 25 to 50) with a male:female ratio of 3:2. Patients were 26.8 ± 10.6 months postrenal transplantation. Black tea consumption significantly increased posthyperemia BAD, FMV, and FMV% ( P < .05). However, water consumption did not alter the basal or posthyperemia BAD, FMV, or FMV% ( P > .05). Conclusion Based on our study, short-term consumption of black tea may improve endothelial function and endothelium-dependent arterial vasodilation in renal transplant recipients.