Abstract
With the rapid development of microgrids (MGs) in recent years, it is anticipated that combinations of multiple microgrids—multi-microgrids (MMGs)—will gradually become a new form of power grid. A safe and efficient black start strategy for MMGs is in urgent demand because of their complicated structure and control systems. In this paper, first, we analyze the topology and control system of residential-type MMGs with three-phase/single-phase (TP/SP) architecture. Second, a black start strategy based on a hierarchical control scheme is presented, including the selection strategy for the main power supply and master microgrid, the stand-alone operation strategy, and the grid-connected operation strategy. After the selection of the main power supplies, the master MG is determined. Hereby, all sub-microgrids (SMGs) execute the stand-alone algorithm. When the synchronous connection condition is satisfied, the slave SMGs connect to the master MG who provides the voltage and frequency support. Meanwhile, the control algorithm transfers to the grid-connected algorithm, with the grid dispatching value set to zero. Finally, experimental results from the MMG experimental setup in the Clean Energy Technology Laboratory (CETLAB) are presented to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed black start strategy.
Highlights
In recent years, there have been more and more applications of distributed generation (DG)systems, due to their advantages of economy, environmental protection, and flexibility
A microgrid (MG) is a small-scale power system containing DGs, loads, energy storage systems (ESSs) and a control system [3], which is an effective way to solve the problem of large-scale integration of DGs
We propose a black start strategy for PV-ESS
Summary
There have been more and more applications of distributed generation (DG). The black-start process of conventional power systems can be divided into three stages: preparation stage, reconfiguration of the network, and load restoration stage [13]. The black-start process of MMGs can be separated into three stages: selection of the main power supply, network reconfiguration and power supplies and load restoration stage. Based on a parallel strategy, it includes the selection strategy for the main power supply and master microgrid, the stand-alone operation strategy, and the grid-connected operation strategy.
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