Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their ultra-sensitive humidity sensing characteristics because of the natural absorption of water (H2O) molecules on the BP surface caused by the specific 2D layer-crystalline structure. On the other hand, the BP-based humidity sensor is less repeatable due to the instability of BP with water molecules and the stability of the sensor is reduced. In this study, this limitation of the BP-based humidity sensor was overcome by preparing a BP/graphene hybrid as a novel humidity sensing nanostructure. The BP/graphene interface improved the stability of the humidity sensor after a few weeks with a linear response within the relative humidity (RH) range of 15–70%. The sensor’s response/recovery speed of the humidity sensor was extremely fast within few seconds. The response (S) of the humidity sensor based on the BP/graphene hybrid is 43.4% at RH = 70%. The estimated response and recovery time of the sensor is only 9 and 30 seconds at RH = 70% at room temperature. The experimental investigation reveals that the BP/graphene hybrid not only improves the reversibility and hysteresis factors but also enhances the stability of the humidity sensor.
Highlights
Humidity sensing techniques have been investigated in many areas such as the industrial processing, environment, food, agricultural, and indoor applications[1]
The black phosphorus (BP) powder was exfoliated by a mild ultrasonication process and BP/graphene heterojunction was formed on the graphene surface using an electrospray system for humidity sensor
The size of BP particles was ca. 200 nm, which were well deposited on the patterned graphene area by an electrospray system, as shown in Fig. 2b.The well-developed crystalline structured BP with an interesting 2D puckered-layer crystalline structure was confirmed by high resolution TEM (HRTEM) (Fig. 2c)
Summary
Humidity sensing techniques have been investigated in many areas such as the industrial processing, environment, food, agricultural, and indoor applications[1]. Various humidity sensor technologies have been developed, such as those based on resistive[1], semiconductor[1], optical[2], and surface acoustic wave technologies[3] Among these devices, resistive sensors have several advantages compare with other types such as simple structure, high sensitivity, rapid response, low cost and low power consumption[1]. The combination of these new 2D materials on graphene to form heterojunctions between 2D materials has advantages in 2D electronic device such as low electronic noise, low power consumption, and good stability at the interfaces[6, 15]. The role of graphene and the interface between BP/graphene for humidity sensors was investigated in detail
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