Abstract
In this article, we examine the strategies behind the acquisition and reduction of black obsidian found in rock shelters and shell middens from the north coast of the Santa Cruz Province, in Argentine Patagonia. Geochemical analyses performed on black obsidian artifacts from this area posit the long-distance circulation of this raw material given its source at Pampa del Asador, located approximately 400 km to the west. In a previous article, we suggested that evidence for the initial knapping of obsidian pebbles, added to the identification of artifacts with high cortex percentage, implied that obtaining pieces of said raw material would have been based on pebble morphologies. Here we expand on this proposal, contending that this was the case at least for Late Holocene occupational contexts.
 During the Middle Holocene an exceptionally low representation of very small-sized debris without cortical reserve was observed; cores and tools were not registered. Knapping activities related to intermediate technical steps in the framework of core reduction and blank production were evidenced, including small and very small flakes as well as bifacial preforms. We inferred that obsidian pieces probably entered into these Middle Holocene sites as part of personal toolkits, cores and bifacial artifacts without cortex, within the framework of exploratory incursions into the area.
 For the Late Holocene occupations, taking into consideration the presence of obsidian pebbles, of similar dimensions to those registered at the source itself, we suggest that their procurement would have occurred through various mechanisms, such as the establishment and strengthening of social relations within the context of mobility circuits that would have linked the coast to the interior, among other factors.
Highlights
In central-southern Patagonia, three obsidian sources have so far been recorded, these are in the western portion of the region
For the Late Holocene occupations, taking into consideration the presence of obsidian pebbles, of similar dimensions to those registered at the source itself, we suggest that their procurement would have occurred through various mechanisms, such as the establishment and strengthening of social relations within the context of mobility circuits that would have linked the coast to the interior, among other factors
Most of the black obsidian artifacts that have been recorded in surface and stratigraphic contexts at regional level come from the Pampa del Asador (PDA) source, located in the central
Summary
In central-southern Patagonia, three obsidian sources have so far been recorded, these are in the western portion of the region. These sources have different varieties of obsidian (Stern 2018). Most of the black obsidian artifacts that have been recorded in surface and stratigraphic contexts at regional level come from the Pampa del Asador (PDA) source, located in the central-. The transport and exchange of nodules of this raw material in Patagonia was proposed by scholars on the basis of evidence obtained from sites located at varying distances from PDA (these include, among others, Ambrústolo et al 2012; Civalero & Franco 2003; Cueto et al 2016; 2018; Gómez Otero & Stern 2005; Hermo 2008: 436; Molinari & Espinosa 1999)
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