Abstract
With recent detection of black hole mergers by LIGO, the 'Black Holes' and 'Neutron Stars' have become common house-hold names, albeit fanciful names in public domain. However, for the scientific community black holes are the ultimate paradoxes of nature. The claimed observations of black hole mergers are in fact interpretations of certain observations under the spacetime model of Relativity. These interpretations can change significantly with the change in operating model of the phenomenon. A black hole is believed to be a ‘region of spacetime’ exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing, not even light can escape from it. We demonstrate in this paper that this conviction is based on erroneous derivation for the gravitational redshift and the correct derivation shows that a photon cannot be prevented from escaping a gravitating body of any mass and size. Due to erroneous depiction of spacetime as a physical entity in GR, a mathematical singularity predicted by Schwarzschild metric solution of EFE has been projected as a physical possibility in the form of Black Holes. To strengthen the physical basis of Black Hole creation, the observations of Super Nova explosions are being interpreted under core collapse models. The core collapse models are now regarded as the physical foundation of Black Holes and Neutron stars. In this paper we have established the invalidity of current core collapse models on the grounds of treating electrons, ions and nuclei as non-interacting particles and using kinetic theory of gases for analyzing compressive stresses in solid iron core.
Highlights
Black holes are said to be the ultimate paradoxes of nature
To provide an additional physical support to a mathematical notion of Black Holes, a wrong derivation of gravitational redshift had been readily accepted as a standard
The physical basis of Black Hole creation was further strengthened by interpreting the observations of Super Nova explosions in the framework of core collapse models
Summary
Black holes are said to be the ultimate paradoxes of nature. A black hole is believed to be a ‘region of spacetime’ exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing, not even electromagnetic radiation such as light, can escape from inside it. The geometrical interpretation of gravitation in General theory of Relativity (Einstein, 1916) implies the spacetime continuum to be a physical entity which can even be rippled, deformed and curved. The speed 'c' of propagation of electromagnetic disturbances is governed by the permittivity and permeability constants associated with the physical space or vacuum These physical properties are not correlated with the metric tensor of the coordinate space and cannot represent the metric properties of the coordinate space. It has been analytically proved (Sandhu, 2011) that the 4D spacetime of GR is not a physical entity and GR is not a theory of gravitation. On the top of it the LIGO collaboration announced many direct detections of gravitational waves, which are claimed to represent the unique observations of black hole mergers
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