Abstract
Rapid urbanization in an increasingly segregated society during the Progressive Era created new social problems and needs for blacks. The segregation and exclusion of blacks by organized charity led to the initiation, financing, and administration of black charitable organizations in northern urban centers. Homes for the aged, young women, and juveniles; orphanages; and social settlements were the most common types of black charitable organizations. This study focuses on Chicago, in most respects a typical northern city of the period, and describes both the urban welfare needs of blacks and the organizations which they established.
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