Black and White Leaders Use of Bales Categories in Racially Mixed Groups in Laboratory and Field Settings

Abstract

Abstract : The paper provides information concerning black and white leaders use of the Bales categories in laboratory and field settings. Leaders' initiations were put into four variables: positive social emotional, directive, non directive, and negative social emotional acts. These initiations then were recorded as being directed to the leaders themselves, all group members, or individual group members. Separate analyses were run for the laboratory and field phases of the study and then the analyses were compared to discern whether differences discovered in the laboratory setting also occurred within the field setting.