Abstract
Polyomaviruses are mammalian (and a few avian) viruses, which appear to have coevolved with their hosts, leading to high prevalence, low morbidity, latent infections for the most part. The viruses generally have a restricted host range; 5 polyomaviruses are known to naturally infect humans (Table 1). Among them, BK virus is the most commonly encountered clinically, causing nephropathy, hemorrhagic cystitis, and ureteral stenosis in immunosuppressed hosts. A related rhesus macaque polyoma virus, SV40, is known to be oncogenic in experimental rodent animal and cell culture models. However, despite the inadvertent contamination with SV40 of certain lots of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (and early research lots of live-attenuated poliovirus vaccine) administered between 1951 and 1963, no disease in humans has been proven to result from SV40 infection.
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