Abstract

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植患儿中BK病毒(BKV)脑炎的发病率、病死率、中位发病时间、临床表现、诊治及转归等,以提高临床医师对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日在北京大学人民医院接受单倍型造血干细胞移植治疗的709例儿童患者,其中14例诊断为BKV脑炎,分析其临床特征、治疗过程及转归。结果BKV脑炎发生率为1.97%(14例)。患儿多为男性(12例),中位年龄为11岁,中位发病时间为移植后第55天。最常见的临床表现为意识障碍、抽搐发作(7例)。14例患儿予阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦单用,或联合丙种球蛋白治疗,9例患儿痊愈,1例患儿死于病毒性脑炎,4例患儿死于其他疾病,病死率为35.7%。结论BKV脑炎主要表现为脑炎或脑膜炎。虽然确诊BKV脑炎后积极予药物治疗,但许多患者仍死于多器官衰竭或其他并发症。当异基因造血干细胞移植患者出现神经系统症状、出血性膀胱炎时,必须高度警惕BKV脑炎,尽早施救,从而改善患者的生存率及生活质量。

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