Abstract
Harzianic acid is a secondary metabolite of Trichoderma, structurally belonging to the dienyltetramic acid subgroup of the tetramic acids. Biological activities of harzianic acid are of great interest for its antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities, which might be related to its chelating properties. In the present work harzianic acid, isolated from cultures of a strain of Trichoderma pleuroticola associated to the gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides, was studied as a complexant agent of a number of biologically relevant transition metals (i.e., Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+), using UV-VIS, potentiometry, MS and NMR techniques. Our findings show the coordination capacity of harzianic acid toward the above cations through the formation of neutral or charged complexes in a variable ratio depending on the metal and pH conditions.
Highlights
Species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Hypocreaceae) are widespread in every natural environment on earth, in connection with their extraordinary adaptive capacity to different ecological conditions and lifestyles [1,2]
In this paper production of harzianic acid by T. pleuroticola is reported for the first time
Considering the recent separation of this specie from T. harzianum, it would be interesting to evaluate if the ability to synthesize this tetramic acid occurs in other strains, and whether or not harzianic acid can be regarded as a chemotaxonomic marker of any species within the T. harzianum aggregate
Summary
Species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Hypocreaceae) are widespread in every natural environment on earth, in connection with their extraordinary adaptive capacity to different ecological conditions and lifestyles [1,2]. These fungi are able to establish various interactions with plants and other microbes [1,2,3,4]. Tetramic acids represent a group of Trichoderma metabolites, including trichosetin [12] and harzianic acid and its analogs belonging to the subgroup of the dienoyltetramic acid according to a recent classification [13]. The production of a new Molecules 2020, 25, 2147; doi:10.3390/molecules25092147 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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