Bite force measurement in maxillofacial trauma – A clinical prospective study

Abstract

Introduction: Maxillofacial fractures not only cause a change in the skeletal architecture (anatomical) but also lead to changes in the masticatory apparatus (functional). Masticatory function refers to the ability to chew without any interference or pain. The major determinants of this is the range of mandibular motion, maximum occlusal forces, and the activity of the masticatory muscles. This function is affected in maxillofacial trauma and also pathological injuries to the jaws. Bite force measurements are an excellent criteria for the assessment of masticatory efficiency. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of maxillofacial fractures on the bite forces of patients treated for such fractures. Materials and Methods: 65 patients divided into 7 groups based on the kind of maxillofacial fracture. All the cases underwent ORIF. Bite force were measured on the immediate post-operative period, 1st , 4th and 12th post-operative week. The bite force instrument (transducer) was positioned between the antagonizing cusps in the region of Left First Molar and Right First Molar. Results: At the end of the 3rd post-operative week, all the groups showed a statistically significant increase in the bite force measurement as compared to the immediate post-operative bite force recording. Conclusion: Thus we conclude by saying that our study provides a basis for similar studies with a longer follow up period and larger sample size in order to assess the different kinds of maxillofacial trauma and its effect on bite force. Keywords: Bite force, Bite force device, Occlusal load, Maxillofacial trauma, Lefort fractures, Restoration of bite force.