Bite force changes after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism in subjects with increased vertical dimension : Aprospective clinical trial.

Abstract

Occlusal bite force (OBF) is the most important parameter in assessing biting efficiency. The aim of this study was to record OBF changes after surgical correction of high angle maxillary/mandibular (Max/Mand) classIII patients and to compare these with that recorded in classIII patients with average Max/Mand angle. Initially included were 42patients with severe classIII skeletal malocclusion who were scheduled for orthodontic surgery: group1-22patients with increased vertical relationship scheduled for bimaxillary surgery; group2-20patients with average vertical relationship scheduled for mandibular setback only. OBF measurements before surgery (T0), at debonding (T1) and at least 3months after debonding (T2) were recorded using aportable occlusal force gauge. The following were also measured: maximum OBF (MOBF) achieved by the subject on each side, averaged OBF on each side (AOBF) and maximum OBF at the incisal region (MIOBF). At T2, only 33patients (group 1: 17 and group 2: 16) were included in the analysis due to loss to follow-up. MOBF increased significantly in group1, while no significant changes were detected in group2. MIOBF increased after surgical correction in both groups. Significant increase in MIOBF was observed at T1 (P < 0.001) followed by an insignificant decrease during the observation period (3-6months after treatment; P > 0.05). The two groups differed significantly in MOBF at T1 and T2, while no statistically significant differences were detected between the groups for MIOBF changes at the various time intervals (P > 0.05). The number of posterior teeth with occlusal contacts increased in both groups. Relapse was detected in group1 where the number of posterior teeth in contact decreased during the observation period (T1-T2). OBF greatly improved after surgical correction of the vertical morphology. Correction of high angle mandibular prognathism improves oral function in addition to esthetics.