Bite force and Masticatory efficiency before and after Orthognathic Surgical Correction

Abstract

Introduction: Correction of Dentofacial deformity or Orthognathic surgery can be described and classified, where the treatment goal is to reposition the maxilla, mandible, or chin for patients who have crossed the age for growth modification and for other dentofacial conditions or orthodontic camouflage. The treatment is projected more from the aesthetic point of view, where patients undergo a dramatic change in the skeletal morphology. However, it is important to consider from the aesthetic and functional point of view for the overall well -being of the patient. Hence, Orthognathic surgery in combination with orthodontic treatment, not only corrects the dentofacial deformity, it also improves occlusal contacts, masticatory efficiency, the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masticatory muscles and the bite force for the patient. Various studies have identified the problems and changes in occlusal discrepancy following orthognathic surgery. Objective: To compare the bite force and masticatory efficacy before and after orthognathic surgical correction. Selection criteria: All studies and articles that evaluated bite force and masticatory efficiency before and after orthognathic surgical correction were selected for review. Data Collection: The parameters compared in both the groups included, the surgical time was taken, postoperative occlusion, IMF stability, oral -hygiene, intra and postoperative complications. Results: Orthognathic surgery can improve the functional deficits, including those of the bite force, but the improvement may not continue beyond the first year of surgery. Conclusion: An objective analysis of the masticatory efficiency is important in evaluating the success of orthognathic treatment of the jaw deformities.