Abstract
A simple method is proposed for the derivation of bit error floor (BEF) expressions of multi-level phase modulations with noisy phase reference based on the geometric features of constellations. To validate the result, average BEF expressions of 8 + 8 and 4 + 12 amplitude and phase-shift keyings adopted in digital video broadcasting-satellite 2 extensions are derived and consultative committee for space data systems, and analyse the results.
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