Abstract
Light-matter interactions can be hugely enhanced in plasmonic nanostructures by strong confinement of electromagnetic fields, which has incited many efforts to develop ultra-compact nonlinear devices among other types of nanoplasmonic devices. Previous work has focused upon wave mixing and modulation at quite low efficiencies. In this study, we reveal bistable switching in plasmonic antennas with a monolayer graphene or MoS2 sheet in their sub-nanometer hotspot junctions. The bistability derives from the interplay between a highly efficient wave mixing interaction and a strong positive feedback by the Purcell effect. We build a theoretical model that well reproduces the experiment results. The discovery of bistable plasmonic nano-switches is key to understanding and making efficient nonlinear plasmonic devices.
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