Bistable electrochromic dual-output array display based on intramolecular proton coupled electron transfer

Abstract

Bistable electrochromic systems are widely considered as a promising information and energy storage devices, attributed to the capability of maintaining their optical states without consuming energy. However, long response time and shorter steady-state duration hinder its development. Here, we report a series of R-amide-fluorane dyes with quick switching and bistability based on intramolecular proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) electrochromic mechanism and dynamic hydrogen bonding effects. PCET channel building and stable-state reaction energy barrier are proved using DFT simulation. Optimized bistable electronic device based on R-amide-fluorane dyes shows excellent performance including good bistability (>86 h), fast switching (<1.8 s), bright color, dual output (color and fluorescence), high discoloration contrast, coloration efficiency (>1338 cm2·C−1), and reversibility (>1000 cycles). The successful exploration and design concept provide a new viable path and potential applications in energy saving materials.