Bistability in Electrically Writable Non-Volatile Polymer Memory Devices

Abstract

In recent years, interest in applications of organic materials in electronic devices (light emitting diodes, field effect transistors, solar cells), has increased rapidly. The advantages of organic materials are the ease of processing, lower production costs and structural flexibility allowing achievement of the desired electrical and mechanical characteristics. Very recently, there have been demonstrations of blends of polymer and metal nanoparticles and/or small organic molecules in memory devices; such memory devices are called polymer memory devices (PMDs). These devices show two electrical conductance states (“high” and “low”) when voltage is applied, thus rendering the structures suitable for data retention. These two states can be viewed as the realisation of non-volatile electrical memory. There is always growing need to look for inexpensive, fast, high-density memory devices with longer retention times and PMDs do possess some of these aforesaid criteria. Albeit, there is a rapid development in this area, the memory mechanism is still unclear. This work attempts to analyse the memory effect in PMDs and proposes a theory based on experimental data. The thin film polymer blends (polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and polystyrene) and small organic molecules were deposited by spin coating onto a glass substrate marked with thin metal tracks. A top contact was evaporated onto the blend after drying this resulted in a metal-organic-metal (MOM) structure. MOM devices with different metal electrodes (a series of metals with different work functions Al, In,Cu,Cr, Ag and Au) were used to understand the exact electrical transport mechanism through the blend and the individual polymers. An in-depth electrical analysis of these MOM devices was carried out using an HP4140B picoammeter (current-voltage) and an LCR HP4192 bridge. FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy were also conducted in order to understand blend properties and the effect of the same, if any, on the electrical charging mechanism in the PMDs. INTRODUCTION Organic materials exhibit very interesting properties and in recent years the interest to use these materials in electronic device has shown a rapid increase. For example, numerous organic materials have been proposed and demonstrated for their possible applications in solar cells, thin film transistors and light emitting diodes for the last two decades [1,2,3]. Recently, the use of organic materials has been demonstrated in electrical memory device [4-7]. Memory effect has been reported in a large variety of organic materials and device configurations. The fundamental structure of organic memory devices consists of cross-point elements with two parallel top and * Contact author email: spaul@dmu.ac.uk Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1114 © 2009 Materials Research Society 1114-G12-09