Abstract

Male reproductive function and health are largely dependent on the testes, which are strictly regulated by their major cell components, i. e., Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells. Sertoli cells perform a crucial phagocytic function in addition to supporting the development of germ cells. Leydig cells produce hormones essential for male reproductive function, and germ cell quality is a key parameter for male fertility assessment. However, these cells have been identified as primary targets of endocrine disruptors, including bisphenols. Bisphenols are a category of man-made organic chemicals used to manufacture plastics, epoxy resins, and personal care products such as lipsticks, face makeup, and nail lacquers. Despite long-term uncertainty regarding their safety, bisphenols are still being used worldwide, especially bisphenol A. While considerable attention has been paid to the effects of bisphenols on health, current bisphenol-related reproductive health cases indicate that greater attention should be given to these chemicals. Bisphenols, especially bisphenol A, F, and S, have been reported to elicit various effects on testicular cells, including apoptosis, DNA damage, disruption of intercommunication among cells, mitochondrial damage, disruption of tight junctions, and arrest of proliferation, which threaten male reproductive health. In addition, bisphenols are xenoestrogens, which alter organs and cells functions via agonistic or antagonistic interplay with hormone receptors. In this review, we provide in utero, in vivo, and in vitro evidence that currently available brands of bisphenols impair male reproductive health through their action on testicular cells.

Highlights

  • In recent years, the declining trend in male reproductive health has generated public concern, and industrialized countries are the most affected [1, 2]

  • There are growing concerns about bisphenol A (BPA) which constitutes a major component of food packaging, plastics and other household products becoming a threat owing to its tendency

  • BPA binds with cytoplasm estrogen receptors or ERs located in the nucleus in the genomic pathway

Read more

Summary

Bisphenols Threaten Male Reproductive Health via Testicular Cells

Pang M-G (2020) Bisphenols Threaten Male Reproductive Health via Testicular Cells. Leydig cells produce hormones essential for male reproductive function, and germ cell quality is a key parameter for male fertility assessment. These cells have been identified as primary targets of endocrine disruptors, including bisphenols. Bisphenols, especially bisphenol A, F, and S, have been reported to elicit various effects on testicular cells, including apoptosis, DNA damage, disruption of intercommunication among cells, mitochondrial damage, disruption of tight junctions, and arrest of proliferation, which threaten male reproductive health. We provide in utero, in vivo, and in vitro evidence that currently available brands of bisphenols impair male reproductive health through their action on testicular cells

INTRODUCTION
FUNCTION OF LEYDIG CELLS IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
EFFECT OF BISPHENOLS ON LEYDIG CELLS AND TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS SYNDROME
Downregulation of Leydig cell genes
THE ACTION OF BISPHENOLS ON LEYDIG CELLS AND PROSTATE HEALTH
ACTION MECHANISMS OF BISPHENOLS ON LEYDIG CELLS
Function of Sertoli Cells in Spermatogenesis
Downregulation of Sertoli
Bisphenol Effects on Sertoli Cells and Testicular Homeostasis
Action Mechanism of the Effects of Bisphenol on Sertoli Cells
Bisphenol Effects on Germ Cells and Spermatogenesis
The Effects of Bisphenols on Sperm Functions
Germ cell
Disrupted progression of germ cell development
Delayed cycle in germ cell development Reduced sperm motility
Altered spermatozoa mitochondria activities
Bisphenols Are Related to Transgenerational Male Reproductive Health Disorders
Action Mechanisms of Bisphenols on Germ Cells
BISPHENOLS EFFECT ON PERITUBULAR MYOID CELLS
Findings
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call