Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial chemical which is recently used to replace the potentially toxic Bisphenol A (BPA) in making polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal receipt papers. The probable toxic effects of BPS on the functions of haemopoietic and cardiovascular systems have not been reported till to date. We report here that BPS depresses haematological functions and induces cardiovascular risks in rat. Adult male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were given BPS at a dose level of 30, 60 and 120mg/kg BW/day respectively for 30days. Red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, Hb concentration, and clotting time have been shown to be significantly (*P<0.05) reduced in a dose dependent manner in all exposed groups of rats comparing to the control. It has also been shown that BPS increases total serum glucose and protein concentration in the exposed groups of rats. We have observed that BPS increases serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, glycerol free triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration has been found to be reduced in the exposed groups. BPS significantly increases serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities dose dependently. Moreover, serum calcium, bilirubin and urea concentration have been observed to be increased in all exposed groups. In conclusion, BPS probably impairs the functions of blood and promotes cardiovascular risks in rats.
Highlights
The practice of employing different chemicals in consumer goods, without knowing the possible harmful effects, has become a common occurrence
From the study it has been observed that Bisphenol S (BPS) has significantly reduced the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count of whole blood in all exposed groups of rats comparing to the (Table 2) control group of rats (Table 2)
Erythropoietin increases the number of erythropoietin sensitive committed stem cell of the bone marrow that are converted to red blood cell precursors and subsequently to mature Red blood cell (RBC)
Summary
The practice of employing different chemicals in consumer goods, without knowing the possible harmful effects, has become a common occurrence. Bisphenol S (BPS) is one of such chemicals, which is substituting the potentially toxic Bisphenol A (BPA). BPS was first manufactured in 1869 as a dye. BPS has been used as a substitute for BPA in some consumer products at an increasing rate [1]. It has increased stability against high temperature range and more resistant to sunlight; there is a possibility of less biodegradation in the environment. The plastic products coined as ‘BPA free’ are often made of BPS [2]. BPS has been used in manufacturing plastics, thermal receipt papers, currency bills, food cartoons etc [3,4]. In some recent studies it has been reported that BPS shows adverse effects in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments
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