Abstract
BackgroundPresence of Bisphenol A (BPA) has been documented worldwide in a variety of human biological samples. There is growing evidence that low level BPA exposure may impact placental tissue development and thyroid function in humans. The aim of this present pilot study was to determine urinary concentrations of BPA during the last trimester of pregnancy among a small subset of women in Mexico City, Mexico and relate these concentrations to risk of delivering prematurely.MethodsA nested case-control subset of 60 participants in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study in Mexico City, Mexico were selected based on delivering less than or equal to 37 weeks of gestation and greater than 37 weeks of gestation. Third trimester archived spot urine samples were analyzed by online solid phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsBPA was detected in 80.0% (N = 48) of the urine samples; total concentrations ranged from < 0.4 μg/L to 6.7 μg/L; uncorrected geometric mean was 1.52 μg/L. The adjusted odds ratio of delivering less than or equal to 37 weeks in relation to specific gravity adjusted third trimester BPA concentration was 1.91 (95%CI 0.93, 3.91, p-value = 0.08). When cases were further restricted to births occurring prior to the 37th week (n = 12), the odds ratio for specific-gravity adjusted BPA was larger and statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis is the first study to document measurable levels of BPA in the urine of a population of Mexican women. This study also provides preliminary evidence, based on a single spot urine sample collected during the third trimester, that pregnant women who delivered less than or equal to 37 weeks of gestation and prematurely (< 37 weeks) had higher urinary concentrations of BPA compared to women delivering after 37 weeks.
Highlights
Presence of Bisphenol A (BPA) has been documented worldwide in a variety of human biological samples
BPA was detected in 80.0% (N = 48) of the samples with total concentrations ranging from 0.4 μg/L to 6.7 μg/L
In which we explored both including and excluding women who delivered in the 37th week in the control group, there were significantly increased odds of delivering prematurely with increasing specific gravity adjusted third trimester BPA concentrations (Table 4)
Summary
Presence of Bisphenol A (BPA) has been documented worldwide in a variety of human biological samples. There is growing evidence that low level BPA exposure may impact placental tissue development and thyroid function in humans. 80-05-7) is produced in high volume worldwide for use in a variety of industrial and consumer products, such as epoxy resins used to line food cans [1], polyester-styrene [2], and polycarbonate plastics which make up some baby bottles and other containers [3]. Due to this wide spread usage, the primary exposure route in humans is thought to occur via ingestion of food or water [4,5]. Of potential concern to fetal and infant health endpoints is the presence of BPA in follicular and amniotic fluid [12], umbilical cord blood and placental tissue [13], and breast milk [14]
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