Bisphenol A disrupts inflammatory responses via Nod-like receptor protein 3 pathway in macrophages

Hee-Weon Lee,Sang Keun Ha,Yoonsook Kim

doi:10.1186/s13765-020-00562-6

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a harmful endocrine disruptor that is found in polycarbonate plastics such as plastic food containers and in epoxy resins such as dental resins. In the current study, we investigated the effect of BPA on function of inflammatory responses involving activation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Treatment with BPA decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. BPA also suppressed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B activity (NF-κB). BPA significantly down-regulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-18. The decreased production of IL-1β and IL-18 induced by BPA was associated with inactivation of the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Collectively, these data suggested that BPA could act as a disruptor of the inflammation activity by regulating the NF-κB/MAPK pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Highlights

In recent years, it has been shown that many environmental chemicals can disrupt the action of hormones
Effect of BPA on RAW 264.7 macrophage proliferation We first assessed if Bisphenol A (BPA) could affect cell proliferation under our experimental conditions (Fig. 1a)
Effect of BPA on NO and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages To evaluate the effect of BPA on nitric oxide (NO) production in BPA treated macrophages, we determined nitrite levels using Griess reagents

Summary

Introduction

It has been shown that many environmental chemicals can disrupt the action of hormones. These chemicals are referred to as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors [1] and they mimic the role of endocrine hormones and interfere with their function. Inflammation is an innate immune response to harmful substances, immune cells, and tissue injury. It acts as an important regulator in the signaling pathways of many diseases and disorders pathogenesis, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and bacterial infections. Macrophages are immune cells, which have a crucial role in defending against invading factors and maintaining homeostasis in the body [4, 5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion