Bisphenol A and its alternatives in Austrian thermal paper receipts, and the migration from reusable plastic drinking bottles into water and artificial saliva using UHPLC-MS/MS

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) a synthetic, high production volume chemical identified as endocrine disruptor and toxic to reproduction is mainly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, in epoxy resins, polyvinylchloride, thermal papers as color developer, and is present in a wide range of consumer goods such as food packaging materials, storage containers, and cash receipts. Due to its effects on health and legal restrictions, BPA is increasingly replaced by other bisphenols. In this study, BPA and 13 alternatives including BPS, Bisphenol F (BPF), Bisphenol B (BPB), Bisphenol C (BPC), Bisphenol Z (BPZ), Bisphenol M (BPM), Bisphenol P (BPP), Bisphenol AF (BPAF), Bisphenol FL (BPFL), Bisphenol C12 (BPC12), Tetramethylbisphenol A (tmBPA), 4,4-bisphenol (BP-4,4), and p,p-oxybisphenol were analyzed in thermal paper cash receipts (content) and migration studies were carried out in BPA-free labelled reusable plastic drinking bottles using a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method. The receipts contained almost only BPA and BPS, whereas BPS was found in all samples ranging at levels up to 38 μg/g. BPA was detected at low concentrations, only in one sample 11,000 μg/g were found, exceeding the EU limit of BPA in thermal paper of 0.02% per weight. In leaching solutions from the drinking bottles BPA, BPS and BPF were found at concentrations up to 0.047 μg/L BPA, 0.043 μg/L BPS, and <0.01 μg/L BPF. No other analogues were detected. However, these levels identified are far below the legal limits. In addition, a theoretical exposure assessment was conducted indicating that exposures were within the current regulatory guidelines.