Abstract
This study aims to find out about MLM (Multi Level Marketing) in Islamic view (Islamic law). This research is qualitative descriptive. This study included literary research to examine the written sources such as scientific journals, book references, literature, encyclopedias, scientific articles, scientific papers and other sources that are relevant and related to the object which is being studied. As for the object of study of this research is form of texts or writings that describe and explain about MLM that be popular in Indonesia. Results of this study is Islamic law permit MLM as long as not contrary with Islamic law. However, if it is contrary with Islamic law, so MLM is forbiden. Islam has principles on the development of business systems that must be free of elements dharar (danger), jahalah (vagueness) and zhulm (detrimental or unfair to one party). The system of bonuses to be fair, do not oppress and do not only benefit the people. Businesses also must be free from the element of gambling, oppression, fraud, unclean, riba (interest), vanity etc. If we want to develop a MLM business, it should be free from those elements above. Therefore, the goods or services are commercialized and ordinances sales must be halal, no haram and doubtful, and not in conflict with the principles of Shari'ah above. Keywords: Business, MLM (Multi Level Marketing), syariah’
Highlights
PENDAHULUAN Akhir-akhir ini di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia muncul sistem perdagangan baru yang dikenal dengan istilah Multi Level Marketing yang disingkat (MLM)
This study aims to find out about MLM (Multi Level Marketing) in Islamic view (Islamic law)
As for the object of study of this research is form of texts or writings that describe and explain about MLM that be popular in Indonesia
Summary
Secara Etimologi Multi Level Marketing (MLM) berasal dari bahasa Inggris Multi berarti banyak sedangkan level berarti jenjang atau tingkat. Pengertian multi level marketing atau di singkat MLM adalah sebuah system pemasaran modern melalui jaringan distribusi yang dibangun secara permanen dengan memposisikan pelanggan perusahaan sekaligus sebagai tenaga pemasaran. Dengan kata lain dapat dikemukakan bahwa MLM adalah pemasaran berjenjang melalui jaringan distributor yang dibangun dengan menjadikan konsumen sebagai tenaga pemasaran (Muslih, 2010: 613). Menurut Royan (2002) MLM atau Multi Level Marketing dikenal juga sebagai network marketing merupakan salah satu metode pemasaran wirausaha dengan memanfaatkan sistem jaringan (network). Pemasaran dan distribusi yang dilakukan melalui banyak level (tingkatan), yang biasa dikenal dengan istilah Upline (tingkat atas) dan Downline (tingkat bawah), orang akan disebut Upline jika mempunyai Downline. Multi Level Marketing dinilai sebagai metode pemasaran yang lebih efisien dan efektif pada tingkat retail (penjualan eceran) karena besarnya dan luasnya gerakan individu-individu yang melancarkan program marketing ini dibandingkan sistem pemasaran biasa
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