Abstract
Yb–Bi co-doped zeolites are prepared by a method consisting of a simple ion-exchange process and subsequent high-temperature annealing. We observe two strong near-infrared (NIR) emission bands overlapping in the range 930–1480 nm, corresponding to the electronic transitions of bismuth-related active centres (BiRAC) and Yb3+ ions, respectively. In the obtained products, the excitation wavelength of Yb3+ is extended to the range 420–850 nm, and the lifetime reaches 665 µs. In the zeolite matrix, Bi ions exist as BiRAC and Bi compound agglomerates. The former act as a sensitizer of Yb3+ ions, and the latter act as a blockage to seal the pores of zeolites, which enables Yb3+ ions to show efficient NIR emission even if the zeolites contain a large amount of coordinated water. The excellent optical and structural properties make these NIR-emitting nanoparticles promising in applications as biological probes.
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