Abstract
We have developed a thermometric technique adapted from our work on the galvanomagnetic effects in bismuth at liquid helium temperatures. We find that a single crystal of bismuth can be used effectively as a thermometer for transient temperature measurements at these low temperatures. The thermometric property which is exploited is the strongly temperature-dependent magnetoresistance exhibited by these crystals at liquid helium temperatures. The bismuth thermometer is characterized by a fast thermal response, good sensitivity, low Kapitza resistance, and ease of electrical resistance adjustment, and it is particularly well suited to the situation in which the thermometer is itself used as a heater. In earlier work we successfully used these properties to study transient heat transfer from bismuth into liquid helium I and to measure the homogeneous nucleation temperature of liquid helium I.
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