Abstract
BackgroundLow birth weight has been related to an increased risk for developing high blood pressure in adult life. The molecular and cellular analysis of umbilical cord artery and vein may provide information about the early vascular characteristics of an individual. We have assessed several phenotype characteristics of the four vascular cell types derived from human umbilical cords of newborns with different birth weight. Further follow-up studies could show the association of those vascular properties with infancy and adulthood blood pressure.MethodsEndothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures were obtained from umbilical cords from two groups of newborns of birth weight less than 2.8 kg or higher than 3.5 kg. The expression of specific endothelial cell markers (von Willebrand factor, CD31, and the binding and internalization of acetylated low-density lipoprotein) and the smooth muscle cell specific α-actin have been evaluated. Cell culture viability, proliferation kinetic, growth fraction (expression of Ki67) and percentage of senescent cells (detection of β-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0) have been determined. Endothelial cell projection area was determined by morphometric analysis of cell cultures after CD31 immunodetection.ResultsThe highest variation was found in cell density at the confluence of endothelial cell cultures derived from umbilical cord arteries (66,789 ± 5,093 cells/cm2 vs. 45,630 ± 11,927 cells/cm2, p < 0.05). Morphometric analysis indicated that the projection area of the artery endothelial cells (1,161 ± 198 and 1,544 ± 472 μm2, p < 0.05), but not those derived from the vein from individuals with a birth weight lower than 2.8 kg was lower than that of cells from individuals with a birth weight higher than 3.5 kg.ConclusionThe analysis of umbilical cord artery endothelial cells, which demonstrated differences in cell size related to birth weight, can provide hints about the cellular and molecular links between lower birth weight and increased adult high blood pressure risk.
Highlights
Low birth weight has been related to an increased risk for developing high blood pressure in adult life
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated F(ab')2 fragment of anti-rabbit IgG developed in goat, ribonuclease A and ethidium homodimer were from Sigma-Aldrich Inc
Characterization of the cell types and growth kinetics of cultured cells Healthy growing EC and SMC cultures were obtained from umbilical cord (UC) of group-1 and group-2 individuals
Summary
Low birth weight has been related to an increased risk for developing high blood pressure in adult life. There is increasing interest in knowledge about the impact of intrauterine development during adult life [1]. Low growth rate in fetal life is associated with increased death rates from coronary heart disease and stroke [2,3,4,5]. We hypothesize that it will be possible to find vascular cell phenotypes that could be associated with birth weight These findings may provide hints of the link to adult BP, through molecular changes, as epigenetic modifications that can influence vascular development. Umbilical cord (UC) vessels can be useful in order to detect differential phenotypes since vascular wall cells experience the effect of hormonal and hemodynamic changes, which occur during fetal life period
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