Abstract
Background: HIV-positive pregnant women are at an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, data on birth outcome among HIV-infected women are limited in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to identify the adverse birth outcomes and associated factors of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PD) among HIV-infected women. Methods: A hospital based retrospective cohort study was conducted. All deliveries from HIV-infected women from September 1, 2009 to April 30, 2012 were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the potential risk factors for LBW and PD. Result: Out of 416 singleton infants born to HIV-infected mothers, the prevalence of LBW and PD was 89 (21.4%) and 69 (16.6%), respectively. The baseline maternal CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3, maternal body mass index (BMI) below 18.5, maternal anemia and maternal exposure to Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) were factors significantly associated with LBW. On the other hand, a baseline maternal CD4 level below 200/ mm3, having no Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) intervention during pregnancy, maternal BMI less than 18.5, maternal Eclamsia during pregnancy, and mothers being on HAART before pregnancy were factors associated with preterm delivery. Conclusion: There was a significant prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery among infants born to HIV-positive mothers. The programme for PMTCT services should maximize the need for an early identification of those mothers with predicted complications.
Highlights
HIV-positive pregnant women are at an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes
Compared to infants born to HIV-infected mother who were not exposed to Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART), the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) was significantly higher among those infants of HIV-infected mother who were exposed to HAART on pregnancy (5.6% vs 38.5%)
This study reported that women who were already on HAART preconception had 1.82 fold increased risk of having preterm delivery (PD) compared to those who started on pregnancy
Summary
HIV-positive pregnant women are at an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study was conducted to identify the adverse birth outcomes and associated factors of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PD) among HIV-infected women. Result: Out of 416 singleton infants born to HIV-infected mothers, the prevalence of LBW and PD was 89 (21.4%) and 69 (16.6%), respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery among infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Ethiopia is one of the countries having a large number of HIV-infected people in Africa with national adult prevalence of 2.1%. According to the recent five-year national level PMTCT data analysis, 53% of the known HIV-positive mothers and 48% of the known HIV-exposed infants have received antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis [7]
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