Bird diversity on small islands in Maluku

Abstract

The bird species diversity is an indicator of the ecosystem stability. The high diversity index of birds is an indicator of healthy and stable ecosystem condition so that it can become a supporter of birdlife. The study aimed to determine the level of bird diversity on a small island in Maluku, namely the Saparua Island Protected Forest. The study was conducted in June - July 2019 using the Line Transect method on 100 m transect with 100 m transect distance, and 50 m band transect width left and right transect on a plot area of 50,000 m2 (5 ha). Observations were carried out in the morning at 07.30 - 10.00 Eastern Indonesian Time and afternoon at 16.00 - 18.30 Eastern Indonesian Time. The parameters used are the species distribution, species diversity, species abundance, and bird species evenness. The results found that the number of bird encounters in 5 transects varied. There were 16 species in transect one, 12 bird species in transect two, 9 bird species in transect three, 7 bird species in transect four and 12 bird species in transect five. The ten bird species that have conserved value and protected value were found. There were also three endemic species - each endemic was Ambon Bueno Ceram namely Myzomela seram, and the other two species are Maluku Endemic species, namely Sikatan Kelabu and Cabai Kelabu. The three types were species of birds with very limited distribution, while seven other species were animals that were protected by the state. Richness index of bird species ranges from low - medium, which was classified as medium category, transects 1, 2 and 5, with a value of the Richness Index in the range of 2.697707 - 3.413397 (2.5 <R1> 4), while transects 3 and 4, low categories of 1.820478 - 1.987404 (R1 <2.5). The diversity index of bird species was classified as medium at 1.556579 - 2.155639 (1 <H ‘> 3) which shows that transects 4 and 4 are in a low category and transects 1, 2 and 5 are in the high category. The abundance class of birds with conserved value and protected value were divided into three kinds. The four types were classified as rare abundance class, namely Elang bondol, Nuri bayan, Nuri pipi-merah dan Raja-udang suci. Then, the three types were classified as uncommon abundance class, namely Pergam mata-putih, Sikatan kelabu dan Myzomela seram. Furthermore, the three types were included in the frequent abundance class, namely Cabai kelabu, madu hitam dan madu sriganti.