Bird Diversity and Distribution in relation to Urban Landscape Types in Northern Rwanda

T Gatesire,J L Seburanga,A Nyiramana,D Nsabimana,M O Mirville

doi:10.1155/2014/157824

T Gatesire, J L Seburanga + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/157824

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Abstract

Using the point count method, linear mixed models, Shannon's diversity index, and Bray-Curtis cluster analysis, we conducted a study of the effect of urban fabric layout on bird diversity and distribution in northern Rwanda. The results showed a significant effect of city landscapes on bird richness and relative abundance; residential neighborhoods, institutional grounds, and informal settlements had the highest species diversity in comparison to other microlandscape types. Riversides were characterized by specialized bird species, commonly known to be restricted to wetland environments. Built-up areas and open field landscapes had comparable results. One Albertine Rift endemic bird species, the Ruwenzori Double-collared Sunbird (Cinnyris stuhlmanni), was recorded. Three migratory birds were found in Musanze city for the first time: the Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), the Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata), and the Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus). Two bird species have not been previously reported in Rwanda: the Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin) and the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina). The implications of this study are particularly relevant to urban decision makers who should consider the existence of a great diversity of avian fauna when developing and implementing master plans, especially when villages and cities are in proximity of protected areas or natural reserves.

Highlights

By the year 2050, it is estimated that the majority of the global population will live in urban areas [1]
A total of 94 bird species were observed in Musanze city, 15 of which were found opportunistically outside plots
Our study of bird diversity in Musanze city has revealed that current wildlife conservation efforts do not coincide with areas of the highest bird abundance and species diversity, which exist in urban areas

Summary

Introduction

By the year 2050, it is estimated that the majority of the global population will live in urban areas [1]. Threats to biodiversity are inherent to such rapid urbanization, which raises concern over the future of the already reduced diversity in settings surrounding urban neighborhoods [2]. Birds are one of the most common wildlife in urban areas such as neighborhoods and cities, and many bird populations have been declining as a result of landscape changes due to urban expansion [5,6,7,8]. These major changes include high rates of land conversion into urban uses and increasing human pressure on biodiversity due to rapid population growth. Due to the important role that birds play in maintaining ecosystems and supporting biodiversity, many seek their protection to manage biological threats and efficiently protect the environment [9]

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