Abstract
Bipyrazone, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole- 4-carboxylate, is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyaunate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to explore the potential of post-emergence (POST) application of bipyrazone in wheat fields in China. In the greenhouse study, bipyrazone at 10 and 20 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 effectively controlled Descurainia sophia L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic., Lithospermum arvense L. and Myosoton aquaticum L. Whereas, all tested 16 wheat cultivars showed high degree of tolerance to bipyrazone at 375 and 750 g a.i. ha−1. In a dose-response experiment carried on the Shannong 6 wheat cultivar and five weed biotypes, bipyrazone was safe to the wheat cultivar, and C. bursa-pastoris, M. aquaticum and D. sophia were sensitive to this herbicide. The selectivity index (SI) between the Shannong 6 and weeds ranged from 34 to 39. The field experiments confirmed that a mixture of bipyrazone and fluroxypyr-mepthyl is practical for controlling broadleaf weeds, and bipyrazone applied alone at 30 to 40 g a.i. ha−1 can also provide satisfactory control of sensitive broadleaf weeds. These findings suggest that bipyrazone POST application has good potential for broadleaf weed management in wheat fields.
Highlights
Bipyrazone, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole- 4-carboxylate, is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyaunate dioxygenase (HPPD)inhibiting herbicide
Herbicide Formulation. 96% purity bipyrazone (Qingdao Kingagroot Chemical Compound Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China) and 95% purity tribenuron-methyl (Shandong Weifang Rainbow Chemical Co., Ltd, Weifang, China) was dissolved in a suitable volume of acetone to obtain the stock solution, diluted with 0.1% mass fraction of Tween 80 (Solarbio Life Sciences, Beijing, China) to the rates needed for the greenhouse study. 10% bipyrazone oil dispersion (OD) (Qingdao Kingagroot Chemical Compound Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China), 75% tribenuron-methyl water dispersible granule (WDG) (DuPont Company, Shanghai, China) and 28.8% fluroxypyr-mepthyl emulsifiable concentrate (EC) (Shandong Binnong Technology Company, Binzhou, China) were dissolved and diluted with water to the rates needed for the field experiments
Of dry weight inhibition) against four broadleaf weeds out of all weeds tested in the study; these were D. sophia, C. bursa-pastoris, L. arvense and M. aquaticum (Table 1)
Summary
Bipyrazone, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole- 4-carboxylate, is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyaunate dioxygenase (HPPD)inhibiting herbicide. Herbicides with different modes of action to tribenuron-methyl, one of the main herbicides used for selective broadleaf weed control in wheat fields in China, are badly needed to solve the problem of broadleaf weed resistance. Bipyrazone, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole- 4-carboxylate (Patent Number: ZL2014102275916; CAS: 1622908-18-2) (Fig. 1), is a new herbicide developed by Qingdao Kingagroot Chemical Compound Co., Ltd. Bipyrazone, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole- 4-carboxylate (Patent Number: ZL2014102275916; CAS: 1622908-18-2) (Fig. 1), is a new herbicide developed by Qingdao Kingagroot Chemical Compound Co., Ltd It is from the newest generation of 4-hydroxyphenylpyaunate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, and may be a new candidate for solving the current broadleaf weed resistance problem in wheat fields in China. The objectives of this study were [1] to determine the efficacy of bipyrazone against 14 common broadleaf weeds in China, and the tolerance of 16 wheat cultivars in greenhouse conditions; [2] to identify the selectivity of bipyrazone between one common Chinese wheat cultivar and five biotypes of three common weed species in wheat fields in China; and [3] to identify and evaluate efficient application rates of bipyrazone and its mixture with fluroxypyr-mepthyl under field conditions
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