Bipolar hemicyanine cationic probe for simultaneous sensing of ATP and GTP

Abstract

Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) are the most essential energy source in enormous biological processes. Various probes for ATP or GTP sensing, have been widely established, but the probe that could simultaneously monitor ATP and GTP is still rarely reported. Herein, we report a bipolar hemicyanine cationic probe for simultaneous sensing of ATP and GTP via a one-step monitoring process. This probe exhibited strong affinity to ATP and GTP through intramolecular electrostatic and π-π stacking interactions, which the binding constant on each step were determined as 6.15 × 107 M−1 and 1.57 × 106 M−1 for ATP, 3.19 × 107 M−1 and 3.81 × 106 M−1 for GTP. The sensitivity and specificity of this probe toward ATP or GTP over other twelve biological analogues (adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP), guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP), Etc.) have also been successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, due to the rapid response rate (within 10 s), we also proved that this probe could be employed as a monitor tool during the ATP or GTP-related enzymatic reaction process.