Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose was to examine the temporal response of the brachial artery diameter following 5 minutes of forearm occlusion in young men. A secondary objective was to compare the main features of the temporal pattern between young and old.MethodsSixteen young (28 ± 8 yrs) and fifteen older (85 ± 8 yrs) men underwent high-resolution ultrasonography of the brachial artery before and after five minutes of forearm occlusion.ResultsFollowing release of the pressure cuff the brachial artery diameter exhibits a temporal biphasic response. Initially, there is a significant reduction in brachial diameter (NIL) compared to baseline (BASE), followed by a rapid increase to a PEAK at 41 sec post release. When comparing the magnitude of the decrease in diameter and the Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation (BAFMD) between Young and Old, older subjects demonstrated a blunted response (Magnitude of Decrease: Young: 2.0%; Old: 0.4%, p = 0.015, and BAFMD: Young: 7.7%; Old: 2.3%, p = 0.001). Finally, a significant relationship was noted between the magnitude of decrease and BAFMD (r = -0.44, p = 0.04).ConclusionExamination of the temporal response of the brachial artery diameter following 5 minutes of forearm occlusion reveals a biphasic pattern in all participants. Specific features of this pattern are blunted in older adults compared with younger subjects. Finally, the magnitude of the drop in diameter following forearm occlusion correlates with the magnitude of the BAFMD.
Highlights
The purpose was to examine the temporal response of the brachial artery diameter following 5 minutes of forearm occlusion in young men
Independent t-tests reveal that the older adults had a higher BMI and systolic blood pressure as compared to their young counterparts
Following the forearm occlusion a biphasic pattern is evident with an initial significant decrease in the diameter of the vessel (NIL) as compared to the BASE and pre release diameter (PRE) diameters (p = 0.03)
Summary
The purpose was to examine the temporal response of the brachial artery diameter following 5 minutes of forearm occlusion in young men. Bressler and colleagues [12] obtained vessel diameter measurements in an adult sample at 20 second intervals following release of cuff pressure They found that the average time to reach peak dilatory response was 60 seconds, but values ranged between 40 and 140 seconds. Jarvisalo et al [13] found similar results in a group of children, indicating that more frequent sampling of the data is needed to identify an individual's true peak response Assessing variables such as the time taken to reach peak diameter may improve the utility of the BAFMD technique and subsequently allow for better understanding of the physiological processes dictating vascular function
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