Abstract
We reported the new biphasic composites of calcium phosphate and mesoporous silica material (CaP@MSi) in the form of powders and pellets as a potential bone drug delivery system for doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX). The CaP@MSi powders were synthesized by cationic surfactant-templating method. The effects of 10, 20, and 30% CaP content in the CaP@MSi powders on the molecular surface structure, the cytotoxicity against osteoblast cells in vitro, and the mineralization potential in simulated body fluid were investigated. The CaP@MSi characterized by the highest mineralization potential (30% CaP content) were used for DOX adsorption and pelletization process. The CaP which precipitated in the CaP@MSi composites was characterized as calcium-deficient with the Ca:P molar ratio between 1.0 and 1.2. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the CaP content in MSi increases osteoblasts viability indicating the CaP@MSi (30% CaP content) as the most biocompatible. The combination of CaP and MSi was an effective strategy to improve the mineralization potential of parent material. Upon immersion in simulated body fluid, the CaP of composite converted into the bone-like apatite. The obtained pellets preserved the mineralization potential of CaP@MSi and provided the prolonged 5-day DOX release. The obtained biphasic CaP@MSi composites seem to have an application potential as bone-specific drug delivery system.
Highlights
The infection of bone belongs to diseases difficult to diagnose and treat
Rim et al [13] have already combined the calcium phosphate minerals (CaP) and the MSi developing absorbable, pH-tunable calcium phosphate covered MSi nanocontainers for intracellular controlled release of doxorubicin. They have emphasized that CaP is widely used as a bioactive osteoconductive coating for bone-regenerative materials which is formed after immersion of the material in simulated body fluids (SBF)
We would like to obtain the calcium phosphate and mesoporous silica material (CaP@MSi) composites in the form of 1 mm spherical granules—pellets which after implantation during the surgery may act as bifunctional, local bone drug delivery system: (i) releasing the drug directly in the infected area and (ii) regenerating the bone defects
Summary
The infection of bone (osteomyelitis) belongs to diseases difficult to diagnose and treat. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by bacterial bone infections occurs mainly in adults, usually as a consequence of open bone injuries, bone reconstruction, or implant insertion. The combined effect of the high drug loading capacity of mesoporous silica materials (MSi) for antibiotic delivery together with mineralization potential of calcium phosphate minerals (CaP) is an outstanding perspective for bone therapy purposes. In the context of bone regeneration, CaP have been used in various forms, ranging from amorphous calcium phosphate to crystalline hydroxyapatite (Hap) [7]
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