Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold with Interconnected Pores Prepared by Sintering Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement

Abstract

This proposal aims to develop a newly, stable, excellent and environmental process of manufacturing scaffolds with virtually identical biphasic calcium phosphate compositions. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), which combines calcium orthophosphate powders with a liquid leading to a paste that hardens spontaneously at low temperatures, have potential to be used as a porous template for dental bone grafting substitutes [1,2]. Such newly developed sintering processes having the bone grafts with properties of bioactivity or even bioresorbability would be applied in many clinical setting. Template materials combine calcium orthophosphate powders with a liquid leading to a paste that hardens spontaneously at low temperatures. Hence, CPCs could be applied as scaffolds to support cell/tissue growth [3, 4]. This paper studies CPC scaffolds processing by foaming cement's paste state in which was added phasic stabilizer of magnesia and foaming agent of sucrose. The X-ray diffraction was performed to identify the phases of bone grafting substitutes, and we also used scanning electron microscope to observe the structure and pores of bone grafting substitutes. The cell viability about biocompatibility of developed bone grafting substitutes was examined. The results showed that our bone grafting substitutes produced steady final biphasic products consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphates (β-TCP). We observed interconnected pores and highly porosity in microstructure of the bone grafting substitutes. The cell viability was over 70 % to make sure that the bone grafting substitutes has excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, using the slurry of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) and pores forming agent set into a porous template would be a useful process for manufacturing bone graft substitutes.