Abstract
In opportunistic device-to-device (D2D) networks, the epidemic routing protocol can be used to optimize the message delivery ratio. However, it has the disadvantage that it causes excessive coverage overlaps and wastes energy in message transmissions because devices are more likely to receive duplicates from neighbors. We therefore propose an efficient data dissemination algorithm that can reduce undesired transmission overlap with little performance degradation in the message delivery ratio. The proposed algorithm allows devices further away than the k-th furthest distance from the source device to forward a message to their neighbors. These relay devices are determined by analysis based on a binomial point process (BPP). Using a set of intensive simulations, we present the resulting network performances with respect to the total number of received messages, the forwarding efficiency and the actual number of relays. In particular, we find the optimal number of relays to achieve almost the same message delivery ratio as the epidemic routing protocol for a given network deployment. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can achieve almost the same message delivery ratio as the epidemic routing protocol while improving the forwarding efficiency by over 103% when k≥10.
Highlights
According to the Working Party 5D (WP5D) of the International Telecommunication UnionRadiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), a total of eight parameters are considered to be key to the capabilities of fifth generation mobile communications (5G): (1) peak data rate, (2) user experienced data rate, (3) latency, (4) mobility, (5) connection density, (6) energy efficiency, (7) spectrum efficiency and (8)area traffic capacity [1]
This means that the proposed BiPAD algorithm outperforms the epidemic routing protocol with respect to the forwarding efficiency
We have demonstrated an efficient D2D data dissemination method for reducing excessive overlap between transmission coverage while maximizing the message delivery ratio
Summary
According to the Working Party 5D (WP5D) of the International Telecommunication UnionRadiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), a total of eight parameters are considered to be key to the capabilities of fifth generation mobile communications (5G): (1) peak data rate, (2) user experienced data rate, (3) latency, (4) mobility, (5) connection density, (6) energy efficiency, (7) spectrum efficiency and (8)area traffic capacity [1]. Opportunistic D2D communications have been proposed as one of the 5G candidate technologies for supporting reliable 5G communications [3,4,5,6,7,8]. D2D communication technology could provide high data rates with lower energy consumption due to the relatively short transmission ranges involved, while it may increase the latency due to the multihop transmission among end devices without a base station (BS). It could mitigate traffic bottlenecks at the BS through traffic offloading
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