Abstract
Presence of huge amount of salts in the wastewater of textile dyeing industry is one of the major limi ting factors in the development of an effective biotreat ment system for the removal of dyes from textile effluents. Large number of textile industries are l ocated on the coastal areas due to ease of transpor t to the various places in world and help in building na tions economy, but on the contrary the effluents released from these industries are proving a great problem for the marine life. Therefore, industrial effluents containing dyes must be treated before th eir safe discharge into the environment. There are various physiochemical methods are conventionally used. These methods are effective but quite expensive leading to the production of solid sludge . Bacterial spp. capable of thriving under high sal t conditions could be employed for the treatment of s aline dye-contaminated textile wastewaters. Most of the Scientists used chemical coagulation, Flocculat ion and Precipitation techniques for the removal of dye colors from waste waters. But this method is no t cost beneficial as it generates huge amount of Sludge and to dispose the sludge is major problem. The physical methods are also not cost effective. S o only biological treatment using acclimatized microo rganisms could remove 99-100% dye colour from wastewater. Hence now a day most of the workers concentrated on biotransformation of textile azo dyes by adapted organisms. The use of co substrates also slightly increased the decolorization of dye solut ion. Some scientists showed that the products of dye deg radation are not toxic to biological system. Produc ts formed can be determined by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) etc.
Highlights
Environmental pollution has been recognized as one of the major problems of the modern world
Bacterial spp. capable of thriving under high salt conditions could be employed for the treatment of saline dye-contaminated textile wastewaters
Products formed can be determined by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) etc
Summary
The history of beautifully coloured compounds (dyes) which make our life colourful and sometimes dark with death goes back over hundreds of years. To judge the relative share of different dye classes in the wastewater of textile processing industry, dye consumption data should be considered tighter in the degree of fixation of different classes. The largest class of dye discharged in wastewater by textile industry is Anthraquinone dyes and second largest class is Triarylmethanes. Apart from one or two notable exceptions, all the dye types used today were discovered in the 1800’s (Gordon and Gregory, 1983). The discovery of the reactive dyes in 1954 and their commercial launch in 1956 heralded a major breakthrough in dyeing of cotton; intensive research in reactive dyes followed over the two decades and is still continuing today (Gordon and Gregory, 1983). In the beginning of 20th century, synthetic dyestuff had most completely supplanted natural dyes (Welham, 2000)
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