Biotransformation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Rice Straw Waste using TGJPC-120 Bacteria and its Characterization

Abstract

Microcrystalline Cellulose, MCC, is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and other industries. This study aims to see changes in the properties that occur in MCC from rice straw waste after transformation using TGJPC-120 isolated bacteria from soil. The biotransformation process was carried out in the bacterial culture flask and placed in an incubator shaker for 2 days at 37 °C, at a rate of 100 rpm. The surface morphology of MCC obtained before and after biotransformation was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The IR-spectrum and Evaluation of Solid State Interaction of MCC were tested by Fourier Transformation Infra Red (FTIR) Spectrophotometer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Crystalline characteristics of MCC were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction technique, and identification of TGJPC-120 was carried out by 16S rRNA analysis. The results showed that DSC thermogram of unbiotransformed and biotransformed-MCC showed the changing in peak width from wide to sharper peaks, reduction in the intensity, and shifts in the melting point. Physical interaction occurs during the biotransformation process to produce a new crystalline phase, and there is no chemical interaction between components during the biotransformation process. The relationship between TGJPC-120 bacteria and Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae Strain IH5 was 92% in the BLAST program tracking database which was determined based on the phylogenetic tree. It can be concluded that the characteristics of MCC before and after the transformation process are different. Studies for process optimization are still ongoing at this time.