Biotransformation of metenolone acetate and epiandrosterone by fungi and evaluation of resulting metabolites for aromatase inhibition

Abstract

The present study describes the microbial transformation of anabolic drugs, metenolone acetate (1), and epiandrosterone (6). Three new metabolites, 6β,17β-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en (2), 5α,15α-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-en-17-yl acetate (3), 15β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1,4-dien-17-yl acetate (4), and a known metabolite, 17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-androstadiene-3-one (5) were obtained by biotransformation of metenolone acetate (1) via Trametes hirsuta mushroom. Metabolites 7, and 8 were obtained from the incubation of epiandrosterone (6) with Cunninghamella blakesleeana. While bioconversion of compound 6 with Aspergillus alliaceus yielded seven known metabolites 9–15. Modern spectroscopic techniques were employed for the structure elucidation of biotransformed products. All compounds were evaluated for their aromatase inhibitory activity. Among them, new metabolite 3 exhibited a significant human placental aromatase activity with an IC50 = 19.602 ± 0.47 µM, as compared to standard anti-cancer drug exemestane (IC50 = 0.232 ± 0.031 µM), whereas, metabolite 5 (IC50 = 0.0049 ± 0.0032 µM) exhibited a very potent activity. While substrate 6, and metabolites 2, 7, and 9 were found inactive. Aromatase plays a key role in the biosynthesis of estrogen hormone, responsible for cancer cell proliferation. Its inhibition is therefore targeted for the treatment of ER + breast cancer. Further structural modifications (lead optimization) of compound 3 can lead to more potent aromatase inhibition for possible treatment of ER + breast cancer.