Biotransformation of lovastatin—III: Effect of cimetidine and famotidine on in vitro metabolism of lovastatin by rat and human liver microsomes

Abstract

The effects of the H 2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and famotidine, on the microsomal metabolism of [ 14C]lovastatin were investigated. Liver microsomes were prepared from control, phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats and humans (male and female). Concentration-dependent inhibition of the metabolism of lovastatin (0.1 mM) was observed with cimetidine (0.1 to 1.0 mM). In contrast, famotidine at a similar concentration was a very weak inhibitor. The formation of 6′β-hydroxy-lovastatin, the major microsomal metabolite of lovastatin, was similarly inhibited. The results suggest that in vivo metabolic interaction with concomitantly administered lovastatin is less likely with famotidine than with cimetidine. Phenobarbital pretreatment produced 58% stimulation in overall metabolism, whereas 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment had no effect relative to control rats (5.4 nmol/mg protein/min). Liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats produced 67% more of the 6′β-hydroxy-lovastatin but 63–66% less of the 3″-hydroxy and 6′-exomethylene metabolites. Liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats also produced less 3″-hydroxy-lovastatin (49%) but similar quantities of the other two metabolites. 6′β-Hydroxy-lovastatin was a major metabolite with human liver microsomes. Interestingly with these microsomes, hydroxylation at the 3″-position of the molecule was a negligible pathway and hydrolysis to the hydroxy acid form was not observed. The formation of 6′-exomethylene-lovastatin was also catalyzed by human liver microsomes (0.5 to 0.8 nmol/mg protein/min).