Abstract
In this study, a total number of 92 clinical isolates of Candida species was used to test their ability to transform caffeic acid using the two-stage fermentation protocol. The success of the biotransformation process was confirmed by TLC autography method and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The obtained chromatograms showed that 7 isolates could perform caffeic acid biotransformation. The biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities) of the extracts of the selected isolates were determined. According to the obtained results, the Candida isolate CI-24 had the most promising biotransformation ability. The methanolic extract of the respective isolate showed a promising anticancer activity against Caco-2 cell line and a potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The isolate was genetically identified as Candida albicans (Accession number MH356583) using 28S rRNA sequencing. As determined by NMR and LC-MS analysis, caffeic acid was transformed by Candida albicans strain CI-24 into para-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Highlights
Natural products with industrial applications can be produced via primary or secondary metabolism of living organisms
The present study focused on the screening of caffeic acid biotransformation abilities by Candida spp. clinical isolates and assessment of the biological activity of the biotransformed metabolites
The obtained thin layer chromatography (TLC) chromatograms showed that seven isolates coded; CI-2, CI-9, CI-4, CI14, CI-24, CI-61, and CI-107 could perform caffeic acid biotransformation which is denoted by the disappearance of the caffeic acid spot in each extract (Fig. 1) and the obtained results were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)
Summary
Natural products with industrial applications can be produced via primary or secondary metabolism of living organisms (plants, animals or microorganisms). Attention has turned to phenolic compounds with biological activity due to their influence on human metabolism ability to prevent some chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases as well as proving to have antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities [2,3,4]. Chemical modifications of the structure of the compounds are usually carried out using chemical pathways of synthesis. It often generates harmful residues or waste. Arch Pharm Sci ASU 2(1): products which may be harmful to the environment and other living creatures. Biotransformation is, an appropriate way to produce biologically active compounds for different industries. The obtained bioactive products are considered natural which gives them better perspectives of use than their synthetic counterparts [5]
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