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Abstract
Over the last few years, soil sealing has been recognized as one of the major threats in terms of soil degradation and loss of ecosystem services. Although many efforts have been promoted to increase the awareness of safeguarding soil for stakeholders, its value as a non-renewable resource as well as soil-related services in urban ecosystems is not implemented enough in urban planning and policies. Due to the spatially explicit component and the geographical scale of soil sealing, mapping and quantifying the number of sealed surfaces is crucial. The aim of this paper was to estimate and geovisualize the soil sealed in the city of Padua (Italy) at a very detailed scale, testing the use of the Biotope Area Factor (BAF) index. Moreover, the paper aimed to simulate an alternative mitigation scenario in a specific study area of the city. Spatial analysis was performed testing the BAF index in a Geographic Information Sistem (GIS) environment and using aerial ortho-photos at very high resolution. The results show different values of the BAF index for all four neighborhoods from 0.35 to 0.69. In the mitigation scenario, the value of the BAF index was improved using a measure of green roofs. In conclusion, the paper provides an insightful case study for enriching the debate about soil sealing and gives scientific support for sustainable urban planning.
Highlights
Soil sealing is one of the main forms of land take that affects urban and rural areas
It has been estimated by the European Environment Agency (EEA) that since the mid-1950s, the total surface area of cities in the European Union (EU) has increased by 78%, whereas the population has grown by only 33% [6]
Even if the preservation of the soil is crucial for human well-being and for the sustainability of ecosystems, at present in the EU there is a lack of specific legislation to protect the soil
Summary
Soil sealing is one of the main forms of land take that affects urban and rural areas. This document is addressed to policymakers at all levels of governance and urban planners; it shows practical examples, for instance, local planning tools, and policies and legislation to be applied for all EU countries It pinpoints three general actions defined as limitation, mitigation, and compensation of soil sealing that may be adopted at different scales, and in different contexts and urban fabric. The most important measure is the limitation of soil sealing by means of preventing the conversion of green spaces or rural areas into new buildings or infrastructure Whereby this solution does not occur, it is possible to maintain some functions of the soil by applying mitigation measures. Onsuthrfeacoeths.eIrnhtahnedl,aisnt t2e0n18y,e5a4rsk, mpr2owbaebrleytdraunesftoortmheedecionntoomimicpcerrivsiiso,utshesusrpfeaecdeso. fTsheealPinogvhaallseysliigs hthtley modsetcarffeaecsetedd. sOenctothreinoItthaelyr ;hLaonmd,bianrd2i0a1a8n, d54Veknme2towweriteht1r3a%nsfaonrdm1e2d.4i%ntoofismeapleerdvsiouurfsascuesr,farecesps.eTcthiveePlyo, arevathlleeyfirisst tthweomItoaslitaanffreecgtieodnssemctoosrt ianffeItcatleyd; bLyomthbeaprdhieanaonmdenVoenn.etAopwaritthfro13m%thaendCa1m2.p4%anioaf rseegailoend (10s.u4r3f%ac)e, st,hreesoptehcetirvIetlayl,iaanrertehgeiofinrsst ptwreoseItnatlivanalrueegsiolnows merostht aanffe1c0te%d obyf stheaelpedhesnuormfaecneosn[.3A5]p. arTtofdroamy, thethaevaCialambpilaitnyiaofrehgigiohnre(1s0o.l4u3t%io)n, taheerioatlhimeraIgtaelsiasnucrhegaisonosrthpore-psehnottovsalouressaltoewllietre tihmaange1r0y%hoafs sgeiavleend locsaulrifnascteitsu[t3i5o]n.sTtohdeacyh,atnhceeatvoamilaobniliittoyr osof ihlisgehalriensgolauttaiovnerayerdiaeltaimileadgesscasluec. hInaspaorrttihcou-lparh,omtousnoicrispaatleitlliietse cuPonauippPdimqlaaauduTyrdaateiiguh,imncTeoaecgurhhp,ngyleocareaelonrrhgonoav,easeefcmeensorttetahefuaghrlrettniieathavsieimletcirenmiaincosmptisiumsaoolotsoolnfitssfcotatteitatfiheosahnlsteilehastieachnibidlproseseleuatcdcpuipilittatdtnuceeiipierietrtiqriessmiowieurtainsopenwnasrirscdnyIaothttshvauItoatoeletrrayoebaltlcsiyhc[aehmt3tnesi[ae5mtii3rnrit]f5mi.acaass]beTttu.naierThcdsttiestaocheam.naoeismndnfpistadtopeighbgnceegelaicieofiiettiroefvoctiercvicsasiroitsaiursiimoiieulatmisosallsierlaszswiyanzeewlaeedtitnoelrhtiuergnhleeir,tegmbosptosoaaai(ontityi(li)iailaf)snqnaseqgubdveauarealcmaielrnlcenoyd.tidstitfiadiefygatyeatatuttttauhterheireblenbseaaotadanmiinmolssnosscoceucatuaaaolnlnelleitet.tnhioIoignennff, soislosiel asleianlginagt aat vaevryerdyedtaeitlaeidledscsaclael;e(;ii()iit)etsetstthteheusueseofofththeeBBAAFFininddeexxtotoqquuaanntitfiyfyththeeaammoouunnttooffssooiill seasleianlgin; ga;nadn(dii(i)iisi)imsimuluatlaetaenanalateltrenrantaivtievemmitiitgiagtaetdedscsecnenaariroiobbyytetesstitninggththeeuusseeoofftthheeBBAAFFiinnddeexx iinnaa spespcieficcifsictusdtuydayreaar.ea
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