Biotic and abiotic preferences of the cladoceran invader Limnosida frontosa

Abstract

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the cladoceran Limnosida frontosa invaded several lakes within its natural range in southeastern Norway. In this project, we wanted to study the types of lakes preferred by Limnosida. We also wanted to evaluate the potential competitive effects on other zooplankton species. In a survey of 65 Norwegian lakes, Limnosida showed preference for lakes of low Ca concentrations and low productivity. This is probably due to decreased competition from species with higher Ca requirements and a lower fish predation on zooplankton in these lakes compared to more productive lakes. Particle size preferences of Limnosida were studied and compared with those of the microfiltrator Daphnia magna, as there was no published information on the food preference of Limnosida.When fed monodisperse fluorescent latex beads (0.5, 1.0, 6.0 μm), Limnosida strongly selected the largest beads, while D. magna had a more nonselective feeding behaviour. Mesh sizes of Limnosida's filtering appendages were 0.4–1.2 μm depending on the animal size, and the particle selection was correlated with the filter mesh sizes. Limnosida should thus be considered a low efficiency grazer on bacteria and μ-algae. Hence, this species probably does not interfere significantly with microfiltrators like Diaphanosoma brachyurumand most daphnids. This was supported by community analysis of lakes with and without Limnosida. In general, Limnosida commonly co-occurred with a number of filter-feeding cladocerans, and we found no sign of competitive exclusion in lakes where the species has become established.