Abstract
Following the tragic events of 9/11, the USA was subjected to a biological attack via the US postal system. After exposure to spores of Bacillus anthracis, sent in letters (precise number unknown) from perpetrator(s) as yet unidentified, 11 people developed cutaneous anthrax and 11 developed inhalation anthrax, five of whom died. This raised the spectre of biological warfare in the shape of bioterrorism. Use of biological agents in warfare and criminal activity has a long history. The siege of Kaffa in the 14th century is said to have been lifted by the Tartars projecting plague-infected corpses over the walls using trebouchets; smallpox-contaminated blankets were given to pro-French Indians by Lord Jeffrey Amhurst, and biological agents were used against animals and crops by Germany in World War I.
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